THE SENSE OF TASTE

The tiny, pink bumps on your tongue are called tastebuds. They can detect special chemicals in the things that you eat and drink. The chemicals mix with saliva and then the tastebuds detect them. The tastebuds produce nerve impulses and transmit them to the gustatory nerves. These nerves are inside the tongue, connected to the tastebuds. These nerves then transmit the impulses to the brain. Finally, the brain interprets the information.

THE SENSE OF SMELL

Smells are made up of gases in the air. When air goes into your nose, the gases go into your nasal passages. The olfactory cells detect the gases and send nerve impulses to the olfactory nerve. The olfactory nerve transmits the impulses to the brain and the brain interprets the information.

THE SENSE OF HEARING

Sound waves go into our ear and hit the eardrum. As a result, the eardrum vibrates.

When the eardrum vibrates, it makes the small bones inside the ear vibrate too.

The cochlea detects the vibrations and produces nerve impulses. The auditory nerve transmits these impulses to the brain. Then the brain interprets the information.

THE SENSE OF SIGHT

Light goes into the eye through the pupil. Then it passes through the lens.

The lens projects an upside down image onto the retina. This information is sent to the optic nerve.

The optic nerve transmits the information to the brain.

The cornea covers and protects the iris and the pupil.

The iris is the coloured part of the eye. It opens and closes the pupil.

The pupil is a small hole that lets light into the eye.

The lens focuses light onto the retina.

The retina detects light and colours. It sends information to the optic nerve.

The optic nerve transmits information from the retina to the brain.

THE SENSE OF TOUCH

Our sense of touch enables us to touch and feel things with our skin or dermis. Nerve endings detect information about the objects that we touch. They produce nerve impulses which the sensory nerves transmit to the brain.

NEURONS

The nervous system is made up of neurons. There are millions of neurons in your brain. Neurons are cells that consist of a cell body, the axon and the dendrites.
To transmit messages they create elctrical signals called nerve impulses.
The cell body controls the neuron and creates nerve impulses.
The axon transmits the nerve impulses to other neurons.
Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other neurons.

HOW DOES THE BRAIN WORK?

The cerebrum is the largest and most complex part of the brain. It controls intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech and the ability to feel and move.

The cerebellum is responsible for balance, movement and coordination.

The brainstem coordinates all the messages going in and out of the brain to and from the spinal cord, and controls the involuntary movements.

WHICH ORGANS MAKE UP THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

The brain is the most important organ in the nervous system. It controls all the other organs in our body. The nervous system connects the brain to the organs, muscles and skin through nerves, which are connected to the spinal cord.

The brain. When our brain receives information it sends a message to a part of the body to tell it how to react.

The spinal cord. The spinal cord connects the brain to the rest of the body.

Nerves. Nerves connect the spinal cord to our muscles, joints and skin. Sensory nerves receive messages from the muscles, joints and skin and send them to the brain. Motor nerves transmit messages our brain sends to the muscles, joints and skin.

RIVERS IN SPAIN

There are more than 1800 rivers in Spain.
The point where a river stars is named "source".
The point where a river flows into the sea is named "mouth".
A small river that flows into a bigger one is named "tributary".
There are three watersheds.
The rivers that flow into the Cantabrian Sea form the Cantabrian watershed. Two of them are Navia and Nalón.
The rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea form the Mediterranean watershed. We will study Ebro, Júcar and Segura.
The rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean form the Atlantic watershed. You should know Miño, Duero, Tajo, Guadiana and Guadalquivir.

To practice where the Spanish rivers are located, click on the image.

MOUNTAIN RANGES IN SPAIN

Spain is one of the most mountainous countries in Europe.

Click on the image and play and learn about mountains in Spain.

PROVINCES

Each autonomous community is made up of one province or more. Spain has 50 provinces. Provinces are subdivided into municipalities.

Click in the image to play and learn the provinces.

Autonomous Communities

Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities.
These were created by the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

Click on the image and you will play and learn the autonomous communities and cities.

Welcome

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Welcome to our new blog. Here you are going to find activities, games and many other funny things.
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